NEON - பற்றிய அனைத்து டெக்னிக்கல் தகவல்கள் ! - [00003]

 1. General Information

    - Symbol: Ne

    - Atomic Number: 10

    - Atomic Weight: 20.1797

    - Group: 18 (Noble Gases)

    - Period: 2

    - Block: p-block

    - Electron Configuration: [He] 2s² 2p⁶

    - Electrons per Shell: 2, 8

2. Physical Properties

    - Phase at STP: Gas

    - Melting Point: -248.59°C (-415.46°F)

    - Boiling Point: -246.046°C (-410.883°F)

    - Density (at STP): 0.9002 g/L (when liquid: 1.207 g/cm³)

    - Triple Point: -248.556 K, 43.37 kPa

    - Critical Point: -44.4918 K, 2.7686 MPa

    - Heat of Fusion: 0.335 kJ/mol

    - Heat of Vaporization: 1.71 kJ/mol

    - Molar Heat Capacity: 20.79 J/(mol·K)

    - Vapor Pressure: 1 Pa at 12 K, 10 Pa at 13 K, 100 Pa at 15 K, 1 kPa at 18 K, 10 kPa at 21 K, 100 kPa at 27 K

    - Speed of Sound: 435 m/s (gas, at 0°C)

    - Magnetic Ordering: Diamagnetic

    - Molar Magnetic Susceptibility: -6.74 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol (298 K)

    - Bulk Modulus: 654 GPa

3. Chemical Properties

    - Oxidation States: Common: 0

    - Ionization Energies: 1st: 2080.7 kJ/mol, 2nd: 3952.3 kJ/mol, 3rd: 6122 kJ/mol

    - Covalent Radius: 58 pm

    - Van der Waals Radius: 154 pm

    - Spectral Lines: Neon has distinct spectral lines that are used in neon lighting.

4. Isotopes

    - Neon-20: 90.5% (stable)

    - Neon-21: 0.27% (stable)

    - Neon-22: 9.25% (stable)

    - Radioactive Isotopes: 12 identified

5. Applications

    - Lighting and Signage: Neon is famous for its bright orange-red glow when placed in an electric field, commonly used in neon signs and lighting.

    - Other Uses: It is also used in high-voltage indicators, vacuum tubes, and some types of lasers.