Nigerian Languages: A Comprehensive Regional Overview
Nigeria is home to more than 500 languages. Below is a structured overview presented as comma-separated paragraphs by region.
Northern Nigeria: Hausa, Fulfulde (Fula), Kanuri, Bade, Ngizim, Margi, Bura, Shuwa Arabic, Gwandara, Gbagyi (Gwari), Tangale, Goemai, Angas, Kilba, Tera, Babur, Bolanci, Warji, Jarawa, Dadiya, Pero, Longuda, Waja, Cham, Karekare, Ngamo, dozens of Plateau and Adamawa languages spread across Bauchi, Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa states.
South-West Nigeria: Yoruba (Oyo, Egba, Ijesha, Ekiti, Akoko, Ikale dialects), Edo (Bini), Urhobo, Isoko, Itsekiri, Okun, Yagba, Awori, Owo, Ondo, Ikale, Ijebu, Akure, Esan, Kukuruku group, and related Edoid languages.
South-East Nigeria: Igbo (Nsukka, Owerri, Onitsha, Abakaliki, Umuahia, Orlu dialects), Ikwerre, Ekpeye, Ogba, Etche, Ika, Ukwuani, Nsukka cluster, Arochukwu dialects, Abiriba, Ohafia, Ngwa, Mbaise, and many smaller Igboid tongues.
South-South Nigeria (Niger Delta): Ijaw (Kalabari, Okrika, Nembe, Izon, Egbema, Apoi, Arogbo), Ibibio, Efik, Anaang, Oron, Eket, Ogoni (Khana, Gokana, Eleme, Tai), Andoni, Obolo, Odual, Abua, Ogbia, Brass, Bonny, Nembe dialects, and other Delta languages.
Middle Belt Nigeria: Tiv, Idoma, Nupe, Ebira, Igala, Jukun, Birom, Kuteb, Mumuye, Chamba, Tarok, Bachama, Kamwe, Angas, Goemai, Mwaghavul, Ron, Ngas, Pyem, Mushere, Kofyar, Mada, Eggon, Alago, Gwandara, and hundreds of Plateau languages scattered across Benue, Plateau, Nasarawa, and Kogi states.
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Official Languages of South Africa
South Africa is unique in Africa for recognizing 11 official languages in its Constitution, reflecting its cultural and ethnic diversity.
- Zulu (isiZulu)
- Xhosa (isiXhosa)
- Afrikaans
- English
- Sesotho (Southern Sotho)
- Setswana (Tswana)
- Sepedi (Northern Sotho)
- Siswati (Swati/Swazi)
- Tshivenda (Venda)
- Xitsonga (Tsonga)
- Ndebele (isiNdebele)
Notes: Zulu and Xhosa are the most widely spoken home languages. Afrikaans and English dominate in business, government, and higher education. Sesotho, Setswana, and Sepedi belong to the Sotho-Tswana language group, while Siswati, Tshivenda, Xitsonga, and Ndebele represent smaller but culturally vital communities.
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