Languages Spoken in the United States (Overview with Speaker Numbers)
The United States is home to 350+ languages. Below is a clean, blog‑ready HTML overview of the most widely spoken languages with approximate speaker counts. Numbers are rounded and reflect recent survey estimates.
🇺🇸 Major languages and approximate speakers
| Language | Approx. number of speakers | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| English | ~248,000,000 | Primary national language; majority speak at home |
| Spanish | ~42,000,000 | Largest minority language; widespread nationwide |
| Chinese (Mandarin, Cantonese) | ~3,500,000 | Includes multiple Sinitic varieties |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | ~1,700,000 | Strong communities in CA, NV, HI |
| Vietnamese | ~1,500,000 | Concentrated in CA, TX |
| Arabic | ~1,200,000 | Levantine, Egyptian, Gulf varieties |
| French | ~1,200,000 | Includes Louisiana French; Haitian Creole listed separately |
| Korean | ~1,100,000 | Communities in CA, NY/NJ |
| Russian | ~900,000 | Immigrant and heritage speakers |
| German | ~900,000 | Includes heritage dialects (e.g., Pennsylvania Dutch) |
| Portuguese | ~770,000 | Includes Brazilian Portuguese |
| Italian | ~660,000 | Declining vs. mid‑20th century |
| Hindi | ~650,000 | South Asian diaspora growth |
| Japanese | ~450,000 | Hawaii, CA concentrations |
| Urdu | ~400,000 | South Asian communities |
| Persian (Farsi) | ~380,000 | Iranian diaspora |
| Polish | ~400,000 | Midwest and Northeast |
| Gujarati | ~380,000 | South Asian communities |
| Punjabi | ~330,000 | CA, NY/NJ, Central Valley |
| Greek | ~300,000 | NY, IL, MA |
| Hebrew | ~220,000 | Modern Hebrew; liturgical use separate |
| Haitian Creole | ~870,000 | FL, MA, NY |
| Thai | ~200,000 | CA, TX |
| Armenian | ~240,000 | CA (Los Angeles) |
| Ukrainian | ~190,000 | Northeast, Midwest |
| Romanian | ~170,000 | NY, IL |
| Dutch | ~130,000 | Includes Afrikaans speakers |
| Turkish | ~100,000 | NY/NJ, TX |
| Swahili | ~100,000 | East African diaspora |
| Amharic | ~200,000 | Ethiopian communities |
| Somali | ~150,000 | MN, OH |
| Bengali | ~350,000 | NY, NJ |
| Tamil | ~150,000 | Tech hubs, NJ |
| Telugu | ~250,000 | Tech hubs (CA, TX) |
| Marathi | ~150,000 | South Asian diaspora |
| Malayalam | ~180,000 | Healthcare, tech communities |
| Kannada | ~120,000 | Tech hubs |
| Assyrian Neo‑Aramaic | ~90,000 | CA, IL, MI |
| Yiddish | ~150,000 | NY, NJ; Hasidic communities |
| Lao | ~120,000 | CA, Midwest |
| Hmong | ~260,000 | MN, WI, CA |
| Khmer (Cambodian) | ~180,000 | CA, MA |
| Burmese | ~120,000 | TX, IN |
| Nepali | ~120,000 | TX, NY |
| Pashto | ~100,000 | VA, CA |
| Malay/Indonesian | ~90,000 | CA, TX |
| Serbo‑Croatian (Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian) | ~250,000 | IL, OH, MO |
| Albanian | ~150,000 | NY, MI |
| Czech | ~80,000 | IL, TX |
| Slovak | ~80,000 | PA, OH |
| Bulgarian | ~70,000 | IL, NY |
| Hungarian | ~90,000 | OH, NY |
| Finnish | ~30,000 | Upper Midwest |
| Swedish | ~70,000 | MN, IL |
| Norwegian | ~55,000 | Upper Midwest |
| Danish | ~35,000 | Upper Midwest |
| Icelandic | ~5,000 | Small heritage communities |
| Irish (Gaelic) | ~20,000 | Mostly heritage learners |
| Scottish Gaelic | ~2,000 | Very small communities |
| Welsh | ~5,000 | Small heritage communities |
| Navajo | ~170,000 | Largest Native American language |
| Cherokee | ~20,000 | OK, NC; revitalization efforts |
| Dakota/Lakota | ~20,000 | ND, SD; revitalization efforts |
| Hopi | ~6,000 | AZ; endangered |
| Choctaw | ~10,000 | OK, MS |
| Apache languages | ~12,000 | AZ, NM; multiple varieties |
| Hawaiian | ~24,000 | Revival through immersion schools |
| Samoan | ~200,000 | HI, CA; includes American Samoa |
| Tongan | ~70,000 | UT, CA |
| Gullah | ~10,000 | SC/GA Lowcountry; creole continuum |
| American Sign Language (ASL) | ~500,000–2,000,000 | Estimates vary; widely used |
🧭 Notes and context
- Coverage: This table lists the most widely spoken languages; the U.S. hosts 350+ languages including many with smaller communities.
- Indigenous languages: Dozens remain in use (e.g., Navajo, Cherokee, Dakota/Lakota, Hopi), many are endangered and undergoing revitalization.
- Variation: Counts fluctuate with immigration, intergenerational transmission, and survey methodology; figures are rounded.
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