கொஞ்சம் கெமிஸ்ட்ரி ! - EP.001

 Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a chemical compound with a variety of uses and properties. Here are some key details:

Chemical Properties

• Formula: H₂O₂

• Molar Mass: 34.014 g/mol

• Appearance: Very pale blue liquid

• Odor: Slightly sharp

• Density: 1.11 g/cm³ (20 °C, 30% solution), 1.450 g/cm³ (pure)

• Melting Point: -0.43 °C

• Boiling Point: 150.2 °C (decomposes)

• Solubility: Miscible in water, soluble in ether and alcohol, insoluble in petroleum ether

• Acidity (pKa): 11.75

• Refractive Index: 1.4061

• Viscosity: 1.245 cP (20 °C)

• Dipole Moment: 2.26 D

Structure

Hydrogen peroxide has a non-planar, open-book structure with an O-O bond length of 145.8 pm and an O-H bond length of 98.8 pm. The dihedral angle between the planes containing the H-O-O group is 111°.

Preparation

• Laboratory Method: Acidification of barium peroxide followed by evaporation under reduced pressure.

• Industrial Method: Electrolysis of 30% ice-cold H₂SO₄, followed by hydrolysis of peroxodisulphate.

Uses

• Oxidizer: Used in various chemical reactions as an oxidizing agent.

• Bleaching Agent: Commonly used in the textile and paper industries.

• Antiseptic: Used in dilute solutions (3%-6%) for cleaning wounds and disinfecting surfaces.

• Propellant: Used in rocketry as a monopropellant and oxidizer.

Safety and Hazards

• Hazard Statements: H271 (May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer), H302 (Harmful if swallowed), H314 (Causes severe skin burns and eye damage), H332 (Harmful if inhaled), H335 (May cause respiratory irritation), H412 (Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects).

• Precautionary Statements: P280 (Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection), P305+P351+P338 (IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing), P310 (Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician).

Hydrogen peroxide is a versatile compound with many applications, but it must be handled with care due to its reactive nature.

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