1. Excitatory Neurotransmitters
Glutamate: The most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter, crucial for learning, memory, and brain development.
Aspartate: Plays a role in stimulating neurons and is involved in the central nervous system.
2. Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): Reduces neuronal excitability, helping to regulate anxiety and promote relaxation.
Glycine: Inhibits signals in the spinal cord and brainstem, aiding in motor control.
3. Monoamines
Dopamine: Regulates mood, reward, motivation, and motor control.
Serotonin (5-HT): Influences mood, appetite, sleep, and emotional regulation.
Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline): Involved in the fight-or-flight response, attention, and arousal.
Epinephrine (Adrenaline): Plays a role in the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and energy availability.
Histamine: Regulates sleep-wake cycles, appetite, and immune responses.
4. Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh): Facilitates muscle contraction, memory, and learning.
5. Neuropeptides
Substance P: Transmits pain signals and regulates mood.
Endorphins: Act as natural painkillers and promote feelings of pleasure.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY): Regulates appetite and stress responses.
Oxytocin: Promotes bonding, trust, and social interactions.
Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone): Regulates water balance and blood pressure.
6. Other Notable Neurotransmitters
Nitric Oxide (NO): Acts as a signaling molecule in the brain and blood vessels.
Endocannabinoids: Influence appetite, pain sensation, mood, and memory.
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